Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Simple theme. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. clothing stores in columbia mall This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. [5] Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. According to him . Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. . Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Photo by Jordan Fenton. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. Ukara cloth also consecrates the interior of Ekpe lodges, where larger versions of the cloth hang as backdrops. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. The group is a mutual aid society known for elaborate street dances and very high. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. The Ekpe society requires that its initiates sponsor feasts for the town, which foster the appearance of the redistribution of wealth by providing the poor with food and drink. The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs. [53] Some of the kings have been identified in the past by Etubom Ukorebi Ukorebi Asuquo in Aye's Efik people. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. The ekpe society has spawned a large number of Nsbd . [9] The Efik have also been referred to as "Calabar people" in historical literature. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. There are two distinct but related societies. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. Explain. What's significant about the black fraternities and sororities in America is that they also trace part of their lineage to the Ekpe society of southeastern Nigeria. "[20] Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. The missionaries who arrived in 1846 contributed to the changes in women's attire in Efik society. (1985). The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. Hope all is well. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Google Scholar Aye, E. A. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. Hugh, Goldie. jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. Photo by Eli Bentor. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. This theory asserts that the Efik migrated from Palestine or somewhere close to Palestine. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. a Mande tradition based on orally transmitted history. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. Mr. . LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth".
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